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Underwater Digital Cameras

Cub1tony — Tue, 19 Mar 2013 20:54:12 GMT

Cub1tony:

I suggest looking at a number of important features including lens speed or the "f-stop" rating. The faster the lens., e.g., the lower the f-stop number the better and the more light which the lens permits into the digital camera making for higher quality, less noise images. f2.0 is very fast and f3.9 is ok, although it will have more difficulty in lower light situations and may generally be more hard to focus in lower light situations. A different capability would be the ability of the zoom lens along with how much of the "zoom" is produced by the lens versus a digital zoom, where software is producing the zooming effect. One more characteristic for taking pictures up close is the capability to take macro photographs and how close to the subject matter you may get the camera and still focus. One extra feature to think about is the ability to shoot video and the video processors speed, e.g., is the video processor high speed meaning it will capture more than 200 frames per second (fps), or else is it a low speed, e.g. around 30 fps. A faster vidwo processor will create higher quality videos.

The evaluations of the top digital cameras listed below provides a good overview of a number of of the leading point and shoot waterproof cameras along with a recommendation on the best camera.

Water-resistant cameras reviewed:
<ol>
<li>Panasonic Lumix TS4 12.1 TOUGH Waterproof Digital Camera with 4.6x Optical Zoom
<li>Nikon COOLPIX AW100 16 MP CMOS Waterproof Digital Camera with GPS and Full HD 1080p Video
<li>Canon PowerShot D20 12.1 MP CMOS Waterproof Digital Camera with 5x Image Stabilized Zoom 28mm Wide-Angle Lens a 3.0-Inch LCD and GPS Tracking
<li>Fujifilm XP170 Compact Digital Camera with 5xOptical Zoom Lens
<li>Olympus Stylus TG-830 iHS Digital Camera with 5x Optical Zoom and 3-Inch LCD
<li>Pentax Optio WG-1 Adventure Series 14 MP Waterproof Digital Camera with 5x Wide-Angle Optical Zoom
<li>Olympus TG-1iHS 12 MP Waterproof Digital Camera with 4x Optical Zoom
</li>
</ol>

For anybody who is ready to spend approximately $1,000 to get the [http://www.squidoo.com/best-waterproof-point-and-shoot-camera finest waterproof point and shoot camera] setup then one of the finest underwater cameras in the extreme camera market is absolutely the Olympus TG-1 iHS. This camera when bought with the optional Olympus underwater case and strobe enables the diver to take pictures in over 130 feet of water and also makes a very decent beginning level underwater camera for both the advanced and recreational diver. ntire expenditure includes the camera, a rugged case which enables the diver to use the camera down to 135 feet and an independent strobe that offers the capacity to photograph in a varity of diverse situations.

Scuba Diving Grand Cayman - USS Kittiwake

Cub1tony — Fri, 08 Mar 2013 23:51:07 GMT

Cub1tony:

This is the top wreck dive in Grand Cayman and one of the best in the Caribbean. The USS Kittiwake which was sunk a little over one year and the site is maturing well. The shipwreck has five decks, is a little over76 meters in length amd 12 meters in beam and around 50 feet high. The ship was designated for submarine rescue and was launched on July 10, 1945 and was sunk in Grand Cayman in January 2011.

The following is a description of the dive, a little history about the ship and other information about the shipwreck and an overview of what you will see on the wreck. Review the complete [http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery/Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/ photo gallery] on the web site and/or see the blog entry for the [http://blog.stevenwsmeltzer.com/dive-site-reviews-and-listings/dive-sites/scuba-diving-grand-cayman-uss-kittiwake-shipwreck/ USS Kittiwake] for supplementary data on the shipwreck and a history of the ship.

What you will find on the Dive:

The vessel was reefed January 5, 2011 off the north end of Seven Mile Beach in Grand Cayman.

There are five decks on the [http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000Wcb0w0RopvI USS Kittiwake]. To meet caymanian requirements for wrecks, a portion of the upper mast was removed. The are two bridges on the upper decks (both an external and internal bridge to allow operations in heavy seas) along with the radio and navigation room. The has also been removed. The Captain and executive officer's quarters are located on the upper decks

On the main deck, from bow to stern, internally you will find a number of different rooms or work areas including the recompresson chambers, the rec room and toolshop. You will also see a large [http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000nrOSPnFJRtU a-frame structure] on the stern which supported submarines and hard hat divers, as well as the diving bell which was used to retun divers to the ship and to then move to the recompression chambers

The crews quarters, the engine room and medical facilities are located below the main deck along with ,[http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000QmV9jUuDJyQ air bank storage] and compressors, as well as the steering gear, shaft, gyro, ammunition lockers, cold storage and barber shop to name a few areas. While there are now a number of large[http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000evHtkg3GaYQ access holes] in the sides of the ship, all of the space on the ship was used when she was in service.

Be sure to chart your dive adequately. I would recommend heading to the stern prior to entering into the vessel to get photos around the[http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000MlfKl.47lgI "USS Kittiwake" logo] on the stern and also get photographs by the propeller. For Divers that intend on penetrating the wreck, you can then make your way to the top of the ship then go into the main funnel that is located on the Bridge Deck. Should you not intend on entering the shipwreck you should begin your investigation of the ship on the main deck just above the Propeller.

The [http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000ndu7PcxF.bM entry through the funnel makes an excellent underwater photograph] . try silhouetting your dive partner in the shaft diving down into the shipwreck. You can exit into the ship on several of the decks including the first platform or in the hold. Note the hold deck does not have any exterior exit points and is not recommended for divers that do not have an advanced certification and prior wreck experience. On the first platform you will see the Engineering emblem in the Motor Room section. This section can be accessed easily and makes for a very good underwater photograph near the "[http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery-image/USS-Kittiwake-Grand-Cayman/G0000JtpXOPWAQac/I0000Y0UeUwX5JJc Engineering Mural]". The silt can be substantial at this point so you need to move slowly to avoid stirring up the sediment. For experienced wreck divers you can also explore shaft alley as well as the front hold areas of the shipwreck. For other divers you can view a variety of areas on the first platform and after that begin going up one deck at a time and then finally coming to the Bridge (Pilot House) where you can do your safety stop.

Review photos of additional [http://stevenwsmeltzer.com/gallery/Shipwrecks/G0000OtMyTETA74I/ shipwrecks] on http://www.stevenwsmeltzer.com or visit his [http://blog.stevenwsmeltzer.com/dive-site-reviews-and-listings/dive-sites/scuba-diving-grand-cayman-uss-kittiwake-shipwreck/ blog] for evaluations of specific shipwrecks.

Short Description of Coral Reefs

Cub1tony — Wed, 06 Mar 2013 07:52:31 GMT

Cub1tony: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „[http://blog.stevenwsmeltzer.com/what-are-coral-reefs/introduction-to-the-underwater-world/ What Are Coral Reefs] - Introduction to the Underwater World [http://…“

[http://blog.stevenwsmeltzer.com/what-are-coral-reefs/introduction-to-the-underwater-world/ What Are Coral Reefs] - Introduction to the Underwater World
[http://blog.stevenwsmeltzer.com/what-are-coral-reefs/ Coral reef systems] consist of thousands and thousands of tiny marine animals that are in the class anthozoans, the major class of organisms within the phylum cnidaria (the "c" is silent). Cnidaria has more than 6,000 known species of sea anemones, sea pansies, sea fans and jellyfish. Corals, subsequent to their larvae stage, are fixed in one location and don't move. This type of animal is called a sessile animal.

Coral reef colonies are made of millions of these very small, cup-shaped animals known as polyps. A single coral polyp may be as large as a saucer or smaller than the head of a pin. Millions of polyps functioning jointly in a collaborative colony over many years create the limestone skeletons that create the framework of the magnificent coral reef. [http://www.stevenwsmeltzer.com Coral reef] colonies reproduce both sexually and asexually. In sexual reproduction, the coral polyps discharge both eggs and sperm into the water. (This is also known as coral spawning.) One form of asexual reproduction takes place when fragments of coral are broken off because of storm action. The broken pieces of corals more often than not live and continue to grow and produce a new colony. This method is known as "fragmentation". Corals exist in colonies consisting of numerous individuals, each of which is called polyp. They secrete a hard calcium carbonate (rock-like) skeleton, which serves as a consistent foundation or substrate for the colony. This skeleton provides two basic functions, first for the coral itself it provides fortification, as the polyps can contract into the structure if predators approach and second this same skeletal construction is what makes up the coral reefs over a period of time. The calcium carbonate is produced at the base of the polyps, so the living part of the coral colony occurs at the surface of the skeletal structure, completely covering it. The calcium carbonate deposited by the colony continually adds to the size of the overall structure and therefore the expansion of the coral reef. The growth of these reef structures varies greatly, based on the varieties of coral and environmental conditions-- ranging from 0.3 to 10 centimeters per year. The skeletons of stony corals are produced by the lower part of the polyp. This process creates a cup, known as the calice, in which the polyp sits. The walls surrounding the cup are called the theca, and the floor is called the basal plate. Thin, calcareous septa (sclerosepta), which give structural integrity, shelter, and an increased surface region for the polyp's soft tissues, extend upward from the basal plate and radiate inward coming from its outer wall. Periodically, a polyp will raise up off its base and secrete a new floor to its cup, forming a new basal plate above the old one. This creates a tiny chamber in the skeleton. When polyps are physically stressed or under possible attack, they contract into the calice so that practically no part is exposed above the skeletal platform. This protects the creature from predators and the elements (Barnes, R.D., 1987; Sumich, 1996). Different species of coral build structures of various sizes and shapes such as brain corals, fan corals, encrusting corals, etc., producing incredible variety and complexity in the coral reef ecosystem. Various coral varieties tend to be segregated into characteristic zones on a reef, separated out by competition with other species and by environmental conditions. Corals contain only a narrow degree of organ development and consists of three fundamental tissue layers: an outer layer or epidermis, an internal layer of cells lining the gastrovascular cavity (an internal space for digestion) and a layer known as the mesoglea in between the other two layers Barnes, R.D., 1987. Corals feed by reaching out with tentacles to catch quarry like small fish and planktonic animals (any drifting organisms, animal, plant, archaea or bacteria that inhabit the pelagic zone of the oceans). See Also: Creatures of the Coral Reefs Resources: Marine Species Galleries: Coral Reef Images Pictures of Fish Sea Turtles Crustaceans and Echinoderms Moray Eels Detailed Information on select Marine Species: Caribbean Fish Hawaiian Fish Sponges Crustaceans, Invertebrates, Mollusks, Echinoderms